UNESCO CLUB
Spolek nezávislých cestovatelů

Čína

Tři souběžné řeky v chráněné oblasti Jün-nan

Místo

prefektura Lijiang, autonomní tibetská prefektura Diqing a autonomní prefektura Nujiang Lisu, provincie Jün-nan

Kritéria

N (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

Datum zařazení mezi památky UNESCO

2003

Popis

Osm zeměpisných chráněných oblastí na hranicích národního parku třech souběžných řek, v horském prostředí severozápadní části provincie Jün-nan, tvoří území o rozloze 1,7 milionu hektarů. Protékají tudy tři velké asijské řeky: Jand-c\' , Mekong a Salween. Všechny tři tečou rovnoběžně od severu k jihu příkrými soutěskami, které jsou místy hluboké až 3 000 metrů, a mezi zaledněnými horami vysokými přes 6 000 metrů. Oblast je významná pro svou geologickou historii i pro biologickou rozmanitost mírného klimatického pásma. Navzdory lidem, kteří ji osidlovali již před tisíci lety, si oblast stále uchovává přírodní charakter.

Důvody pro zařazení mezi památky UNESCO

Criterion (i): The property is of outstanding value for displaying the geological history of the last 50 million years associated with the collision of the Indian Plate with the Eurasian Plate, the closure of the ancient Tethys Sea, and the uplifting of the Himalaya Range and the Tibetan Plateau. These were major geological events in the evolution of the land surface of Asia and they are on-going. The diverse rock types within the site record this history and, in addition, the range of karst, granite monolith, and Danxia sandstone landforms in the alpine zone include some of the best of their type in the mountains of the world. Criterion (ii): The dramatic expression of ecological processes in the Three Parallel Rivers site has resulted from a mix of geological, climatic and topographical effects. First, the location of the area within an active orographic belt has resulted in a wide range of rock substrates from igneous (four types) through to various sedimentary types including limestones, sandstones and conglomerates. An exceptional range of topographical features - from gorges to karst to glaciated peaks -- is associated with the site being at a “collision point” of tectonic plates. Add the fact that the area was a Pleistocene refugium and is located at a biogeographical convergence zone (i.e. with temperate and tropical elements) and the physical foundations for evolution of its high biodiversity are all present. Along with the landscape diversity with a steep gradient of almost 6000m vertical, a monsoon climate affects most of the area and provides another favourable ecological stimulus that has allowed the full range of temperate Palearctic biomes to develop. Criterion (iii): Superlative natural phenomena or natural beauty and aesthetic importance The deep, parallel gorges of the Jinsha, Lancang and Nu Jiang are the outstanding natural feature of the site; while large sections of the three rivers lie just outside the site boundaries, the river gorges are nevertheless the dominant scenic element in the area. High mountains are everywhere, with the glaciated peaks of the Meili, Baima and Haba Snow Mountains providing a spectacular scenic skyline. The Mingyongqia Glacier is a notable natural phemonenon, descending to 2700 m altitude from Mt Kawagebo (6740 m), and is claimed to be the gla cier descending to the lowest altitude for such a low latitude (28° N) in the northern hemisphere. Other outstanding scenic landforms are the alpine karst (especially the \'stone moon\' in the Moon Mountain Scenic Area above the Nu Jiang Gorge) and the \'tortoise shell\' weathering of the alpine Danxia. Criterion (iv): Biodiversity and threatened species Northwest Yunnan is the area of richest biodiversity in China and may be the most biologically diverse temperate region on earth. The site encompasses most of the natural habitats in the Hengduan Mountains, one of the world\'s most important remaining areas for the conservation of the earth\'s biodiversity. The outstanding topographic and climatic diversity of the site, coupled with its location at the juncture of the East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Tibetan Plateau biogeographical realms and its function as a N-S corridor for the movement of plants and animals (especially during the ice ages), marks it as a truly unique landscape, which still retains a high degree of natural character despite thousands of years of human habitation. As the last remaining stronghold for an extensive suite of rare and endangered plants and animals, the site is of outstanding universal value.

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